End-to-end encryption

End-to-end encryption (E2EE) means the server can’t read your data. Encryption and decryption happen on your devices; the server stores only ciphertext and wrapped key material.

For the server-side architecture (endpoints, entities, workflows), see E2EE architecture.

What’s encrypted

When E2EE is enabled, these record types are encrypted client-side before upload:

• Memory — your personal knowledge store
• Sessions — optimization history
• Providers — your AI provider configurations (with API keys)
• Todos — task list

What’s not encrypted, by necessity:

• Account metadata (your email, role, account creation time).
• Record metadata: per-record timestamps, IDs, owning user, entity type.
• Sync cursors and the audit log.
• The shape of your traffic — which endpoints you hit, when, from where.

E2EE protects content; it does not give you anonymity from the server operator.

Key hierarchy

Three layers of keys, all 32 bytes:

Key	What it does	How it’s stored
UMK — User Master Key	Wraps all DEKs. Identifies “you” cryptographically.	Generated locally; stored in DPAPI on Windows; never uploaded in plaintext
DEK — Data Encryption Key	One per record. Encrypts the payload.	Wrapped with UMK and stored next to the ciphertext
KEK — Key Encryption Key	Derived per-purpose: ECDH for device-to-device, Argon2id for recovery	Ephemeral; never stored

Every encryption uses AES-256-GCM with AAD context binding — a string that ties a wrapped blob to its context. A blob from one context can’t be silently replayed in another:

Purpose	Algorithm	AAD
Record payload	AES-GCM(DEK, plaintext)	pia-e2ee-v1:{userId}:{entityType}:{entityId}
DEK wrap	AES-GCM(UMK, DEK)	pia-dek-wrap-v1:{entityType}:{entityId}
Device-to-device wrap	AES-GCM(KEK, UMK), KEK from ECDH	pia-umk-wrap-v1:{targetDeviceId}
Recovery wrap	AES-GCM(KEK, UMK), KEK from Argon2id	—

Devices

Each device has its own ECDH (P-256) and ECDSA (P-256) keypairs, generated locally via Windows CNG. The first device on an account self-wraps the UMK using its own keys. Each additional device must be approved from a device that’s already active:

1. The new device registers as Pending and uploads its public keys.
2. An existing device sees the request and confirms (you compare a 16-character fingerprint shown on both screens — XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX).
3. The existing device wraps the UMK for the new device using ECDH.
4. The new device unwraps it locally and is upgraded to Active.

If you don’t have an existing device handy, the recovery code is the way back in — see Recovery codes.

Memory hygiene

DEKs, KEKs, and unwrapped UMK material are zeroed in memory immediately after use on the client. Plaintext keys never touch disk except via DPAPI for the UMK at rest.

If you lose all devices and your recovery code

There is no back door. The server does not hold keys, and we cannot restore your encrypted data. Treat the recovery code as a high-value secret — store it offline.